Nephroprotective potential of Sharbat-e-Bazoori Motadil (sugar-free) in HEK-293 cells and Wistar rats against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity

Sharbat-e-Bazoori Motadil (SBM) is a traditional Unani syrupy formulation, widely used for the management of kidney diseases. Due to lack of scientific evidence, the present work prospective is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of sugar-free SBM against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo followed by phytochemical studies. The sugar-free SBM formulation was chromatographically characterized for chemical analysis through HPTLC and evaluated for its metabolic contents. Thereafter, in vitro phytochemicals and free radical scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the total phenols and flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of sugar-free SBM. Human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cell was used to assess nephroprotective and antioxidant studies of sugar-free SBM. Further, in vivo nephroprotective studies were performed in female Wistar albino rats at different dose (32.1, 64.2, 128.4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) of SBM by assessment of biochemical markers, antioxidants status, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological analysis. Qualitative and quantitative HPTLC analysis of SBM revealed eleven and eight metabolites at 254 and 366 nm, respectively, while the content of caffeic acid and trans ferulic acid was found as 5.63 ± 0.29 and 12.64 ± 0.71 µg/mg, respectively. In vitro free radical scavenging assays showed the significant antioxidant potential of sugar-free SBM. The in vitro assay for nephroprotective and cellular antioxidant analysis of SBM showed significant (p