Genetic and clinical approach to macrocephaly: a 5-year single-center study

Background: Macrocephaly is a condition where the head circumference is larger than the 97th percentile or 2 standard deviations. It can be a harmless trait in benign familial macrocephaly or can be seen as a component of some pathologic condition. In this article, we aimed to uncover the genetic background and clinical presentation of macrocephaly. Methods: In this retrospective study, we selected macrocephaly patients with a definitive genetic diagnosis, among 2,000 patients who were admitted to our clinic between 2014 and 2019. The data were accessed from archive. Results: The genetic testing results showed that the most common genetic causes of macrocephaly in the patients were achondroplasia (25%), neurofibromatosis type 1 (12.5%), Sotos syndrome type 1 (12.5%), and Cowden syndrome (12.5%). Conclusion: Several congenital conditions, chromosomal anomalies, and molecular mutations may cause macrocephaly. A combination of good clinical history, physical examination, and genetic testing plays a vital role in the diagnosis process. [JBCGenetics 2020; 3(2.000): 54-59]