The myth of meritocracy: academicism and methodological flaws in Brazilian public recruitment

Abstract Is there meritocracy when 58% of administrative assistants and 87% of physicians employed in Brazilian federal higher education institutions (HEI) were selected through public exams based solely on theoretical multiple-choice tests? Is there meritocracy in selection processes that do not assess the candidates’ experience or apply discursive or practical exams? This article addresses a historically constructed assumption assimilated as a kind of myth in Brazil: the idea that the current model for filling government positions is meritocratic. The extreme objectivity of these public exams reduces the Brazilian tradition of nepotism but presents serious flaws. One is academicism, which overvalues educational titles and theoretical knowledge at the expense of essential skills for many government positions. Calls for civil service entrance exams to fill administrative and medical positions in federal HEI throughout Brazil were verified using the descriptive statistics method (via frequency analysis), tabulating the evaluation types used in each selection, and generating tables and graphs. The results suggest adopting assessments more broadly connected with the competencies the positions require and prioritizing skills and practical behaviors instead of theoretical knowledge of little or no applicability. The study points out alternatives for a nation with more than 200 million inhabitants, the vast majority of which do not realize the incalculable damage of real academicism and illusory meritocracy. Resumen Cuando el 58% de los trabajadores administrativos y el 87% de los médicos fueron seleccionados únicamente sobre la base de pruebas teóricas de opción múltiple, ¿existe la meritocracia? Selecciones sin requisito de experiencia, ni evaluaciones discursivas o prácticas. Solo marque una “x”... Este artículo busca responder a un supuesto construido históricamente y asimilado como una especie de mito en Brasil: la idea de que el actual modelo de licitación pública sería meritocrático. La extrema objetividad de estos concursos tiene el mérito de reducir la tradición brasileña de nepotismo, pero el modelo de evaluación tiene serias fallas. Una de las disfunciones es el academicismo, que sobrevalora los títulos educativos y los conocimientos teóricos en detrimento de competencias que son simplemente imprescindibles para muchos cargos públicos. Las convocatorias a concursos públicos para ocupar cargos administrativos y médicos en instituciones federales de edu