Simultaneous biosensing of biogenic amines: signal analysis and biosensor calibration

The application of biosensors in complex real­world samples is often complicated due to the combined effects and interferences of various compounds on the biosensor signal. However, thorough modelling and chemometric methods allow us to evaluate the impact of different analytes and calibrate these biosensors for the multiplexed analyses of the targeted compounds. A typical multianalyte mixture includes biogenic amines, produced during the putrefaction of proteins. Meanwhile, the detection of particular biogenic amines is a valuable tool for assessing the freshness and quality of a wide variety of protein­containing foods. In the current study, we analysed the signal of biosensors for the simultaneous detection of four major biogenic amines (cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, and spermidine) and proposed two different approaches for their multivariate calibration. The evaluation of the proposed models and the calculation of their characteristic coefficients were based on experimental data from over three hundred different mixtures with randomly varying substrate concentrations.