Safety and Effectiveness of Placement of Pacemaker Leads for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the Axillary Vein by Double Target-guided Venipuncture

Background：The increasing incidence of damage to pacemaker leads for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an emerging problem that should be prevented. The extrathoracic venipuncture approach has been suggested as a technique for venous access to avoid the problem. Methods and Results：10 patients had pacemaker lead placement for CRT using the double target method. The lead was inserted in the extrathoracic portion of the subclavian and/or axillary veins without complications in all of the patients. Conclusion：This approach achieves accurate, safe, and speedy extrathoracic venipuncture and is especially suitable for multiple lead placements for CRT.