Analysis on determinants of carbon emissions from plaza ground paving during the construction stage based on life cycle assessment

The carbon emissions of paving projects are the focus of urban managers and researchers. By introducing the life cycle assessment (LCA) method and drawing up the study time and boundary, this study analyzed the carbon emissions activities of the plaza ground paving project and established a computational model of the cast-in-place architectural concrete (CAC) and natural stone pavement’s life cycle during the construction stage by comprehensively utilizing the carbon emission coefficient method and the direct source consumption statistics method of the production line. Based on the model, this study employed the ground paving of a top-notch Theme Park Plaza in Beijing as a sample to calculate the carbon emissions of two different types of building materials at various phases of their life cycle and made a comparative evaluation. It is concluded that the carbon emissions (expressed in CO 2 ) produced by the CAC ground in the sample area is 75.46 kg CO 2 /m 2 , while that of the natural stone pavement is 110.81 kg CO 2 /m 2 . Our results demonstrate significantly linear relationship between the overall emissions of carbon and the material carbon factor. This study adds to the body of knowledge by calculating the carbon emissions and determining the trend of carbon footprint for ground paving. Furthermore, the study's findings can be used to enhance construction management options and choose green materials. The findings can also be used to provide supporting theories for the development of regulations and carbon reduction policies based on constructing energy conservation and greenhouse gas reduction.