The Evaluation of WaveSAX Power Generation to Support Port Energy Self-Sufficiency

Remarkable advancements have been made in wave energy converters, notably the innovative WaveSAX technology—an oscillating water column system conceptually designed for coastal structures. Proven effective in existing installations, particularly at Civitavecchia Port, Italy, where the WaveSAX-1 prototype was tested in 2018 and the WaveSAX-2 was updated in 2021. The device’s power generation capacity was evaluated using a Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model that simulated 30 years of wave conditions. Validation with radar and Acoustic Doppler Profiler instruments showed excellent performance in wave height simulation. Results revealed higher wave power generation near the harbor breakwater, surpassing offshore levels, especially in central and northern sections. WaveSAX-2, featuring an improved Wells turbine, demonstrated a remarkable 37% increase in average efficiency compared to WaveSAX-1. If a linear WaveSAX array were installed, it could produce 4 GWh annually, satisfying 20% of the port’s energy needs and reducing around 2800 tCO2e/year. Doubling arrays and incorporating triangular modules could significantly enhance sustainability for port operations, offering a promising path toward self-sufficiency and environmental responsibility.