Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics predict pituitary function in non-functional pituitary macro-adenoma undergoing trans-sphenoidal surgery

Maintaining the pituitary function after surgery is highly important. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and pituitary function after surgery of non-functional pituitary macroadenoma. This retrospective study was performed between 2016 and 2018. Preoperative and postoperative MRI imaging data were retrieved from electronic registration system. The relationship between preoperative MRI characteristics and postoperative pituitary function as well as reconstruction of pituitary gland was investigated using regression models. Complete data were available for 44 patients. Before surgery, invisible normal tissue was observed in 23 patients (53.5%). Suprasellar extension and cavernous sinus invasion were seen in 36 patients (each one 49.1%). There was a significant reverse relationship between preoperative tumor size and postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (odds ratio (OR): - 0.99 (- 0.18, - 0.003), p = 0.04). In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between prolactin level after surgery and tumor size before surgery, (OR: 5.29 (1.65, 8.92), p = 0006). Moreover, postoperative panhypopituitarism was observed in 25% of patients with complete morphologic reconstitution of pituitary tissue. While the rate was 50% in patients with no or partial morphologic reconstruction of pituitary tissue. Preoperative MRI characteristics predict TSH and prolactin level after operation. Furthermore, the adenoma size and volume prior to surgery are the main determinants of normal morphologic reconstruction of pituitary gland.