Thermal performance evaluation of the parabolic trough solar collector using nanofluids: A case study in the desert of Algeria

The use of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC) is currently the best option for widespread application in industries operating at temperatures from 60 to 400 °C. Numerous studies have been conducted to enhance the thermal performance of the PTSC using synthetic oils as heat transfer fluids. In this study, the thermal performance of parabolic collectors was enhanced using Metallic Oxide Nanofluids (CuO, SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2) based on Therminol VP-1™ at 4 % volumetric concentration as heat-transmitting fluids. A thermal model was developed and validated through experimental and theoretical study, while the results showed good compatibility in the outlet temperature with an error rate of 0.184 % for experimental and 0.29 % for theoretical studies. Moreover, various theoretical models of the thermal properties of nanofluids were analyzed to determine the model that matches and simulates this study. The findings indicated that nanofluids enhanced the thermal efficiency of the PTSC system compared to pure Therminol VP-1™. Specifically, CuO/Therminol VP-1™ demonstrated the most significant improvement, increasing thermal efficiency by 1.03 %. Furthermore, the results also showed that the addition of CuO, TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanoparticles led to an increase in outlet temperature by 9.57 %, 6.04 %, 5.21 %, and 3.08 %, respectively.