Auditory training for tinnitus treatment: a scoping review

•Auditory training for tinnitus is studied as an auditory rehabilitation strategy.•There is still no consensus on the best practice methodology.•There is a need for further high-level studies in this area.•Auditory discrimination training was the most studied type.•Considering attentional factors and multisensory paths may lead to future research. Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies’ level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D−) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (C‒A) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.