Is extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields applicable to gliomas? A literature review of the underlying mechanisms and application of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields

Gliomas refer to a group of complicated human brain tumors with a low 5‐year survival rate and limited therapeutic options. Extremely low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF‐PEMF) is a specific magnetic field featuring almost no side effects. However, the application of ELF‐PEMF in the treatment of gliomas is rare. This review summarizes five significant underlying mechanisms including calcium ions, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reactive oxygen species, and applications of ELF‐PEMF in glioma treatment from a clinical practice perspective. In addition, the prospects of ELF‐PEMF in combination with conventional therapy for the treatment of gliomas are reviewed. This review benefits any specialists, especially oncologists, interested in this new therapy because it can help treat patients with gliomas properly. Extremely low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF‐PEMF), a specific magnetic field, is regarded as a potential adjuvant therapy for gliomas. This review summarizes significant underlying mechanisms and prospects of EMF‐PEMF on gliomas.