Childhood obesity in India: A two-decade meta-analysis of prevalence and socioeconomic correlates

Objectives: Childhood obesity is a growing concern in India, particularly in low and middle-income populations, is expected to account for 11% of the global burden of child obesity by 2030. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity in India over the past two decades and identify socioeconomic correlates of obesity in children. A meta-analysis of 21 studies from 2003 to 2023 with 1,86,901 children in India identified key findings on childhood obesity after screening 2147 titles/abstracts. The pooled prevalence of childhood obesity was estimated to be 8.4%, while the prevalence of childhood overweight was estimated to be 12.4%. Male children were found to be at a higher risk of developing obesity compared to female children. Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies. The study also examined the correlates of obesity with respect to socioeconomic characteristics. It was found that children studying in private schools were at a higher risk of developing obesity compared to those studying in government schools. Children of working women were found to be at a higher risk of obesity compared to children of non-working women. Additionally, children with a family history of obesity were at an increased risk of developing obesity. Childhood obesity in India is a pressing public health concern. The study reveals regional and population variations in obesity prevalence and identifies genetic, behavioural, environmental, and socioeconomic factors as contributors. Further research is required to comprehend these factors and establish effective prevention and management approaches.