Silkworm pupa protein peptide improved DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice through the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway

[Display omitted] •SPP effectively alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice.•SPP reduces colonic inflammation in mice by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.•SPP has the potential to serve as a supplement for the prevention of early colitis. Numerous studies have revealed the multifunctional activities of silkworm pupa peptides (SPP). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SPP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The results showed that SPP improved the clinical symptoms of colitis in mice, including increased colon length, slowed weight loss, and reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores. Furthermore, SPP significantly alleviated DSS-induced colonic injury by reducing the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in colonic tissues, enhancing mucin secretion in the colon, and decreasing colonic cell apoptosis. SPP also mitigated the severity of colitis by modulating serum inflammatory factors and improving colonic oxidative stress levels. Western blot analysis revealed that SPP suppressed the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, SPP protected against DSS-induced colitis in mice by reducing cell apoptosis, attenuating inflammatory responses, and improving oxidative stress levels, potentially through the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.