Feeling the emotion of Hate Conceptual Metonymies of the Emotional Concept of "Hate": Cognitive-Neuro-Biological Analysis

The experience of sense is based on first, our sensory-motor experience, our emotions, and our inner relation with the world; and second, our diverse creative capacities in using sensory-motor processes to understand abstract concepts. Even the most abstract concepts, such as emotions, have a meaning that is rooted in our sensory perception and our physical experience. Our knowledge and experience are dependent on our brain, which is within our body and the body operates in the world, so that when the body ends up in a general and destructive way, we lose the power of experience (Johnson, 2007, p. 36). Over the past two decades, there has been a striking breakthrough in our knowledge of what emotions are and how emotions can help us with meaning. “Conceptual metonymies” are one group of the cognitive mechanisms of meaning making that were first introduced in the book “The Metaphors we live by” (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Actually, emotional effects are expressed in terms of conceptual metonymies in the language. Unlike many people, emotions and feelings should not be considered intangible or unfounded. Their main position is clear and they can be related to certain systems in the body and the brain (Damasio, 2005, p. 246). In this article, we intend to present the conceptual metonymies of the concept of hatred in contemporary Persian language in a figurative way, and in fact, we seek to reach the goal that Persian speakers feel the concept of hatred. Because feelings of emotion can be expressed through conceptual metonymy, this cognitive mechanism will be used to achieve this goal. The purpose of this research is to examine the conceptual metonymies of the emotional concept of hatred from the cognitive-corpus perspective and to adapt the results of the analysis of linguistic data with neurobiological findings. In this paper, we will present the definition of “emotion” and distinguish it from “feeling”. The conceptual metonymies of hatred showed that in Persian Language, all four aspects of the effects of affection on human beings (physical, mental, facial, and behavioral), along with the linguistic analysis, confirmed the results and neurobiological findings of the emotions. Analysis of data related to the emotional concept of hatred in Persian speakers of the fact that an emotion in addition to the stimulus that causes it (the cause of affection) has a variety of effects on human beings, and these effects are spoken language by means of a conceptually perc