Diosgenin: Chemistry, extraction, quantification and health benefits

•Diosgenin has hidden potential for manifesting human health from fenugreek and wild yams.•Biosynthetic pathway of diosgenin production.•Diosgenin extraction with conventional and various green techniques.•Quantification of diosgenin with HPLC, GCMS, UHPLC, and HPLC-DAD.•Utilization of diosgenin in combating various chronic diseases and metabolic disorders. The occurrence of natural bioactive compounds is increasingly involved with pharmaceutical industries' exploring more source matrices. Diosgenin is a lot of delved bioactive compound naturally occurring in Trigonella foenum graecum, Dioscorea alata, Smilax china, etc, and utilized in the preparation of several steroidal drugs and acts as a hormone percussor. Extracted yield of diosgenin depends on type of source material and extraction techniques. The techniques of diosgenin extraction include ultrasound assisted, microwave assisted, supercritical fluid extraction, ionic liquid extraction, and acid hydrolysis and causing less environmental damage. The quantification of diosgenin majorly depends on the analytical method adopted such as HPLC, GCMS, UHPLC, and HPLC-DAD. The extracted and quantified diosgenin could be used as a delivery vehicle in food matrices for chronic disorders. The biopotency of diosgenin is analyzed against cancer, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, neurological disorders, and metabolic perturb. The phenomenal properties of diosgenin in curing various cellular and metabolic diseases would help future researchers to explore suitable matrices for getting extraction, quantification, and utilization of diosgenin. [Display omitted]