Implementation pilot study of community self-testing for COVID-19 among employees of manufacturing industries and their household members in 2022 to 2023

COVID-19 self-testing is essential for enabling individuals to self-care, screen themselves and, if positive, isolate themselves. Since 2021, COVID-19 self-tests have been extensively used in high-income countries, however, their programmatic implementation in low- and middle-income countries has been delayed. An implementation pilot, mixed-methods study, was conducted in four industrial manufacturing companies, in Kedah State between November 2022 and May 2023. Participants were asked to take COVID-19 self-tests home for themselves and their household members and to use the tests according to national guidelines. At enrolment and at the end of the study, participants completed an online sociodemographic, knowledge and satisfaction survey. Data were cleaned and analysed using SPSS Statistics V28.0. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was conducted. A total of 1768 employees from four manufacturing industries enrolled in the pilot, representing 60% of the total employees and more than 50% of employees at each site. There were 40 COVID-19-positive cases detected in participants from the manufacturing industries, and 100 positive household members. Participants reported 27 invalid test results. Individuals aged 30 or less [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.65; 95% CI: 1.63 to 4.31; p