Simulation in physiotherapy students for clinical decisions during interaction with people with low back pain: randomised controlled trial

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a condition with a high global prevalence, which is getting health professionals' attention, including physiotherapists as they must have the skills to provide treatment that increases the patient's quality of life. Clinical simulations could be a pedagogic strategy that facilitates adequate training for students to acquire skills to improve their professional reasoning in this clinical situation. Objective This study sought to determine the effects of clinical simulations with simulated patients (SP) on the physiotherapy students' clinical decision-making within a role-playing (RP) scenario while caring of LBP patients. Methods This experimental study included 42 participants from two Colombian universities, randomized into two groups (SP, n = 21; RP, n = 21). The clinical skill of performing the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE-LBP) was evaluated while students cared for patients with LBP; after that, a pedagogical method was conducted that included clinical simulation and, finally, the OSCE-LBP was applied again to compare both groups. Results Changes occurred in the OSCE-LBP among both groups of students: the scores increased (0.66 and 0.59 in RP and SP, respectively), and neither of the two was superior (p value 0.01; 95%CI - 0.21 to 0.23). Conclusion Both types of simulation favor decision-making in professional reasoning in physiotherapy students during interactions with individuals with LBP. Trial registration Keywords: Simulation, Physiotherapy, Clinical skill, Simulated patient