Microbiological and Antimicrobial Profile of Pathogens Associated with Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection: A One Year Retrospective Study from A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospita

Introduction: Urinary tract infections in the pediatric population are second only to respiratory tract infections. There is limited information on bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics or on the risk factors for increased resistance in these patients. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological and antimicrobial profile of uropathogens isolated in between January 2011 and December 2011 from the pediatrics department, St John’s Medical College Hospital, a tertiary-care setting in Bangalore, India. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected by the mid-stream “clean catch” method and were tested microbiologically by standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated pathogens was tested for commonly-used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer technique according to CLIS guidelines. Results: Of 1254 samples tested, 357 (28.5%) showed significant growth and 229 (64.3%) were from children less than 5 years of age, more commonly in males. Escherichia coli (54.4%) was the leading uropathogen, resistant to cephalosporin (78%), fluroquinolones (76.8%) and sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics (72.6%). Klebsiella spp. was found to be highly resistant to many of the antimicrobials as compared to other gram negative bacilli. The incidence of Candida spp. was higher in pediatric intensive care unit (39%). Pediatric surgery unit had higher rates of isolation (42.7%) and Pseudomonas spp., NFGNB and Enterococcus spp. were common. Conclusion: High level of antimicrobial resistance amongst the pathogens causing urinary tract infection observed in pediatric population.