Feasibility of oropharyngeal and respiratory muscle training in individuals with OSA and spinal cord injury or disease: A pilot study

Objectives To examine the feasibility of individuals with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) to perform combined oropharyngeal and respiratory muscle training (RMT) and determine its impact on their respiratory function. Methods A prospective study at a single Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. Inclusion criteria included: 1) Veterans with chronic SCI/D (>6 months postinjury and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification A–D) and 2) evidence of OSA by apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI ≥5 events/h). Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental (exercise) group that involved performing daily inspiratory, expiratory (using POWERbreathe and Expiratory Muscle Strength Trainer 150 devices, respectively), and tongue strengthening exercises or a control (sham) group that involved using a sham device, for a 3‐month period. Spirometry, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), polysomnography, and sleep questionnaires were assessed at baseline and at 3 months. Results Twenty‐four individuals were randomized (12 participants in each arm). A total of eight (67%) participants completed the exercise arm, and ten (83%) participants completed the sham arm. MIP was significantly increased (p