Fabrication of Carum copticum essential oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation its insecticidal activity for controlling Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium confusum

Plant essential oils (EOs) can be used as a feasible tool for insect pest control. Nanoparticle formulations of plant EOs can improve the efficiency and stability of EOs, as well as insecticidal potential. In this study, L. essential oil-loaded nanoparticles (OLNs) were prepared via an oil-in-water emulsion, followed by droplet solidiffication via ionic gelation using a cross-linker, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser light scattering (LS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the insecticidal activity of EO and OLNs was evaluated against (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In addition, their effectiveness was assessed on the progeny production of tested insect species. The loading efficiency ranged from 34.33 to 84.16% when the chitosan to EO weight ratio was 1:1.25 and 1:0.5, respectively. The loading efficiency decreased with increasing EO content in the nanoparticles. The OLN particles exhibited spherical shape. The particle size in the range 120-223.6 nm and increased with the increase of EO to chitosan ratio. So that the largest mean particle size (223.6 nm) was reported in the 1:1.25 weight ratio of chitosan to the EO. The mortality percentage of and adults were 74 and 57% when exposed for 7 days to 2000 mg/kg of OLNs at the 1:1.25 weight ratio, while EO caused 62 and 44% mortality on both insect species, respectively. Therefore, OLNs can potentially improve the insecticidal activity of EO and could be applied to facilitate control of stored-product insect pests.