Exploring the potential of water hyacinth weed (Pontederia crassipes) as an environmentally friendly antifungal to realize sustainable development in lakes: A review

Pontederia crassipes is an invasive plant in all aquatic environment, especially in stagnant water such as lakes. This plant contains bioactive compounds with environmentally friendly antifungal properties. Researchers can isolate these compounds using chemical extraction and pyrolysis methods. This review article comprehensively examines research that focuses on the extraction and pyrolysis of water hyacinth stems and other biomass to create antifungal products. A review of related research from 2010 to 2023 was carried out. Research has proven water hyacinth's potential as an effective and sustainable antifungal. Apart from that, the use of water hyacinth extract plays a important role in managing water hyacinth as a nuisance water weed. The antifungal formulation from water hyacinth is expected to increase agricultural needs while protecting the environment.