Surgical hemorrhagic complications in COVID-19 patients: risk factors and development mechanisms

A trigger mechanism plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic syndrome in COVID-19. On one hand; the development of heparin-induced coagulopathy is not excluded; on the other hand; the development of critical conditions is accompanied by the release of proinflammatory factors into the bloodstream. SARS-CoV-2 – associated endotheliopathy is considered as an additional link in the pathological process. The aim of the study is to determine main risk factors and mechanisms of development of surgical hemorrhagic complications in COVID-19 patients on the basis of a comprehensive clinical; laboratory and instrumental examination; including pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies. The study included 115 patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and 24 patients with spontaneous hemorrhages in soft tissues. It was found that with high reliability (p