Review and targeted lipidomic biomarkers in atherosclerosis

Ischemic cardiovascular events (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction) are the most common complications of cardiovascular diseases. One of the leading mechanisms of these complications is atherosclerosis. Lipids play an important role in plaque development. Recently, the lipidome has been of greatest interest, since it may have a prognostic value in atherosclerosis development. With an increase in the circulation of proatherogenic lipidomic biomarkers, the risk of atheroscle­rosis destabilization and ischemic complications increases. The conducted studies made it possible to create additional risk stratification scales, for example, Cardiovascular Event Risk Test (CERT) 1 and 2. They make it possible to estimate the residual risk in patients taking statins. The lipidome examination in extracranial artery atherosclerosis can identify those plaques that have signs of instability, and therefore are dangerous for ischemic stroke development. The review describes the features of plasma lipidome in various cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis.