Mechanisms of microRNA-132 in central neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review

MicroRNA-132 (miR-132) is a highly conserved molecule that plays a crucial regulatory role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The expression levels of miR-132 exhibit variability in various neurological disorders and have been closely linked to disease onset and progression. The expression level of miR-132 in the CNS is regulated by a diverse range of stimuli and signaling pathways, including neuronal migration and integration, dendritic outgrowth, and complexity, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, as well as inflammation and apoptosis activation. The aberrant expression of miR-132 in various central neurodegenerative diseases has garnered widespread attention. Clinical studies have revealed altered miR-132 expression levels in both chronic and acute CNS diseases, positioning miR-132 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. An in-depth exploration of miR-132 holds the promise of enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CNS diseases, thereby offering novel insights and strategies for disease diagnosis and treatment. It is anticipated that this review will assist researchers in recognizing the potential value of miR-132 and in generating innovative ideas for clinical trials related to CNS degenerative diseases. [Display omitted] •As key regulators of gene expression, miRNAs are involved in the biological processes and disease pathogenesis of central neurodegenerative diseases.•miR-132 has a wide range of neuromodulatory functions in central neurodegenerative diseases and can influence neuronal axon growth, neural migration and neuroplasticity.•With the emergence of new therapeutics that affect miRNA expression, miR-132 may serve as a drug target for treating neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system.•This review provides a theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies for neurocognitive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuronal dysfunction.