A case of biopsy‐proven inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy following heterologous mRNA‐1273 third‐dose immunization

Doppler echocardiography revealed moderate aortic regurgitation (Figure 2D). SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological tests for potential cardiotropic viruses using paired sera confirmed the absence of acute infection (Table S1). [...]the temporal relationship between the preceding COVID-19 immunization and the occurrence of iDCM with no other identifiable cause led to the final diagnosis of COVID-19 VAM. Another multicentre study evaluating patients with stable acute myocarditis showed that LGE patterns are divided into four categories according to the inflammation distribution patterns: subepicardial and lateral myocardial walls, 41%; septal wall, 36%; other segments, 16%; and no LGE, 7%.18 This finding underscores the heterogeneity in the pattern of acute myocardial inflammation. [...]patients with iDCM examined in previous studies exhibited inflammatory patterns with various LGE distributions, including septal midwall LGE.19,20 In the current patient, EMB was performed, leading to the definitive diagnosis of iDCM. [...]all clinicians should consider iDCM and perform an EMB in patients with suspected