Cephalometric skeletal evaluation of patients with Incontinentia Pigmenti

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal characteristics of patients with the rare genetic disease of Incontinentia Pigmenti, by lateral cephalometric analysis on the antero-posterior plane and by frontal cephalometric analysis on the horizontal plane. Methods Lateral skeletal cephalometric analyses were performed according to Steiner for evaluation of antero-posterior direction, and frontal skeletal cephalometric analyses according to Ricketts for evaluation of horizontal direction in 9 patients with IP. Left and right facial widths at the level of the zygomatic arch were also evaluated. The Student t -test was used for paired to a 5% level of significance data. Results The lateral skeletal cephalometric findings were not statistically significant, but the Class II was the most frequent finding (44.4%), followed by Class III (33.3%) and Class I (22.2%). The right maxillo-mandibular width was significantly lower than normal values, and the right facial width was significantly higher than the left, at the level of the zygomatic arch. Conclusions Patients with IP showed more skeletal discrepancies of Class II and III than Class I malocclusion, and had significant horizontal facial skeletal asymmetries. This should alert health professionals to route these patients for orthodontic assessment and possible therapeutic interventions. However, larger samples are needed to better elucidate if these cephalometric findings can be specifically related to IP.