Recurrence of Graves' Disease (a Th1-type Cytokine Disease) Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Administration: A Simple Coincidence?

Graves' disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism in young women. This auto-immune disease is due to the production of class 1 IgG stimulating the TSH receptor. These antibodies are produced secondary to a Th1 immune response in which interferon gamma plays a key role. Vaccination is ongoing worldwide against SARS-CoV-2 and some of the vaccines include mRNA which seems to stimulate the Th1 immune response. Here, we report a case of recurrence of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease following mRNA vaccination and discuss the possible implicated mechanism. This observation argues for a systematic study of a population of patients with previous Graves' disease in order to assess the risk of recurrence following vaccination. Graves' disease is a Th1-mediated immune disease in which interferon gamma plays a key role.The recurrence of hyperthyroidism due to Grave's disease should be monitored in patients exposed to risk factors.