A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for the Bias Correction of SST Numerical Forecast Products Using Satellite Data

Sea surface temperature (SST) has important practical value in ocean related fields. Numerical prediction is a common method for forecasting SST at present. However, the forecast results produced by the numerical forecast models often deviate from the actual observation data, so it is necessary to correct the bias of the numerical forecast products. In this paper, an SST correction approach based on the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) network with multiple attention mechanisms is proposed, which considers the spatio-temporal relations in SST data. The proposed model is appropriate for correcting SST numerical forecast products by using satellite remote sensing data. The approach is tested in the region of the South China Sea and reduces the root mean squared error (RMSE) to 0.35 °C. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach is significantly better than existing models, including traditional statistical methods, machine learning based methods, and deep learning methods.