Negative symptom dimensions and social functioning in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Negative symptoms can seriously affect social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. However, the role of various components of negative symptoms in social functioning remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations among three different dimensions of negative symptoms (i.e., communication, emotion, and motivation) and social functioning to identify potential therapeutic targets. This cross-sectional study enrolled 202 Chinese participants with schizophrenia. Negative symptoms were evaluated using the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA). Social functioning was represented by the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) total score and employment status. Correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the relationship between negative symptoms and the PSP total score. Regression analysis was performed to explore the determinants of the PSP total score and employment status, considering negative symptoms and possible confounders, such as demographic features, positive symptoms, cognitive symptoms, depressive symptoms, and extrapyramidal side effects. The PSP total score was correlated with all three dimensions of negative symptoms (i.e., emotion, motivation, and communication; s = -0.509, -0.662, and -0.657, respectively). Motivation, instead of emotion or communication, predicted both low PSP total scores and unemployment. Social functioning in patients with schizophrenia was significantly related to motivation. Further studies should focus on motivation and consider it as a therapeutic target to improve patients' social functioning.