Sample Size Calculation Based on Research Approaches in Animal Studies

Introduction: Sample sizes that are too small can produce inconclusive results, while sample sizes that are too large may raise ethical concerns and produce trivial outcomes. Ethical considerations of sample size calculation in animal studies are essential and researchers should consider the 3R approach. Therefore, accurately calculating the sample size is essential to ensure adequate statistical power and avoid wastage of resources. Methods: The paper presents several innovative approaches for conducting small-scale sampling in animal studies. It includes a comprehensive review of relevant literature, discussing various proposed methods for determining sample size in animal studies Results: In this study, various formulas are available for preparing sample size calculations that are relevant to the research design. These include t-tests (for one sample and two independent/paired samples), ANOVA, ANCOVA, simple/multiple linear regression, as well as proportion studies and studies utilizing correlation coefficients Conclusion: Our aims to equip researchers with formulas for reliable findings and adherence to ethical principles for sample size calculating in animal studies.