Conventional Muscle-Reflection Approach versus Mini-Incision Muscle-Splitting Approach in Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation

Purpose. To compare the short-term results of conventional versus mini-incision approaches to dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation. Methods. 41 geriatric patients with either basal femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures (Kyle types I to III) who underwent closed reduction and DHS fixation by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. From January 2001 to June 2005, 6 men and 19 women aged 60 to 94 (median, 83) years underwent DHS fixation through a conventional muscle-reflection approach with a skin incision of ≥10 cm. From July 2005 to March 2006, 9 men and 7 women aged 67 to 95 (median, 81) years underwent DHS fixation through a mini-incision (4 cm) approach at the lower border of the lesser trochanter. Operating time, drain output and duration of drain placement, decrease in haemoglobin level and receipt of blood transfusions, deterioration in ambulation status, analgesic intake, duration of hospital stay, and bone healing time for the 2 groups were compared. An independent observer retrospectively assessed the fracture pattern, reduction quality, and bone healing time. Results. Compared to patients in the conventional group, those in the mini-incision group had shorter operating times (50 vs 43 minutes, p=0.02), a higher proportion whose drain was removed within 24 hours (28% vs 69%, p=0.01), and consumed fewer dosages of oral analgesics within 48 hours (8 vs 5, p=0.001). Classification of the fracture pattern in 21 of 38 patients were consistent between the surgeon and observer. The Kappa value for agreement was 0.32, denoting marginal agreement (p=0.003). Reduction quality (p=0.66) and bone healing time (p=0.73) assessed by the observer were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion. The short-term clinical outcome of mini-incision DHS fixation for geriatric pertrochanteric fractures was favourable.