Renewable resources derived cellulose nanocrystal stimuli responsive Pickering emulsions

As an environmentally friendly and sustainable nanoparticle stabilizer of Pickering emulsions, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has attracted attention because of its sustainable and biodegradable characteristics. Despite its distinct amphiphilic character as an ideal nanomaterial to replace traditionally non-sustainable surfactant emulsifiers, its long-term stability and lack of responses from external stimuli [e.g., pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2)] are the critical issues to be addressed. The solutions for all of these questions in terms of CNCs and its responsive Pickering emulsions are systemically discussed in this review.