PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES OF PARTICIPLE USAGE AND RENDERING INTO UKRAINIAN IN THE PROCESS OF LITERARY TEXTS TRANSLATION

The grammatical aspect of translation, which involves the reproduction of the formal side of the original, is currently a pressing problem in translation studies, as the translation analysis of the text is impossible without taking into account the purely linguistic component. Non-finite forms of the verb are very widely used in English. The participle occupies the main place. The objective of the article is to analyze the usage and ways of participle rendering into Ukrainian and to analyze the application of grammatical transformations in participle translating process based on the novel “Ivanhoe” by Walter Scott. The participle is a non-finite form of a verb that has the properties of a verb, an adjective, and an adverb. There is no clear equivalent to the English participle in the Ukrainian language. The participle has the properties not only of a verb, but also of an adjective and an adverb. These properties determine the functions that it can perform in a sentence: an attribute and an adverbial modifier. In his novel “Ivanhoe”, Walter Scott did not miss any possible form of the participle in the passive or active voices, which perform various functions in the sentence. Most often the participle was used in the function of attribute, much less often – in the function of adverbial modifier. For many years, prominent scholars, both Ukrainian and Russian, have been systematizing the correctness of the translation of English participle into Ukrainian. Depending on the form, a participle can be translated into Ukrainian by an adjective, noun, participle, adverb, adverbial participle or predicate of a subordinate sentence. The translation of English participle into Ukrainian sometimes causes certain difficulties. Certain difficulties for translation, for example, pose some combinations of a noun and a participle in English, which do not correspond to the norms of compatibility in the Ukrainian language and are therefore rendered by other lexical and grammatical means. One of the techniques that helps a translator is transformation. Since the adjective is a grammatical category, the following grammatical transformations are used in its translation into Ukrainian: compensation, replacement, integration (outer and inner), partitioning (outer and inner). The translation made by I. Bazylianska is colorful and full of all possible grammatical transformations. The author of the translation took advantage of all possible transformations and thus gave the translation