Analysis of multi-layered commingled and compartmentalized gas reservoirs

The evaluation and performance prediction of multi-layered compartmentalized gas systems can be difficult. This is mostly due to the uncertainties related to production allocation either within each commingled well or between interrelated reservoir compartments. This paper presents a model that can provide reliable estimates of the total gas in place for multi-layered commingled and compartmentalized reservoirs. The model is also capable of generating prediction profiles for every well in the production system in addition to forecasting individual layers production for each compartment. The proposed model is based on coupling the layered stabilized flow model for material balance calculation in commingled systems with communicating reservoir model that is used as material balance tool for compartmentalized gas reservoirs. The model has the flexibility to be applied for history matching and prediction purposes. In history matching, the model solves the equations simultaneously using optimization routine to find the best parameters of original gas in place (OGIP), deliverability coefficients and compartment transmissibility coefficients. The model requires the knowledge of initial reservoir pressure in every compartment, some rate production history and bottom-hole flowing pressures. The model can also utilize additional information such as shut-in pressures per layer, repeat formation tester and production logging tool measurements (if available) to improve the history match. For prediction, the model uses the estimated parameters (compartment OGIP, transmissibility coefficients between compartments and flow parameters for each layer) to calculate the production rates and reservoir pressures for every well/tank based on a provided bottom-hole flowing pressure. The model was verified against a commercial reservoir simulator for several synthetic cases. The model was also applied on different field cases to estimate OGIP and flow coefficients for every layer as well as compartment transmissibility coefficients. Moreover, calculation of cumulative gas transferred across the communicating reservoirs allows detection of poorly drained compartments, which could be included in future redevelopment plans.