Epitopes for Multivalent Vaccines Against Listeria, Mycobacterium and Streptococcus spp: A Novel Role for Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The glycolytic enzyme and bacterial virulence factor of , the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, Lmo2459), ADP-ribosylated the small GTPase, Rab5a, and blocked phagosome maturation. This inhibitory activity localized within the NAD binding domain of GAPDH at the N-terminal 1-22 peptides, also conferred listeriosis protection when used in dendritic cell-based vaccines. In this study, we explore GAPDH of , and spp. taxonomic groups to search for epitopes that confer broad protection against pathogenic strains of these bacteria. GAPDH multivalent epitopes are selected if they induce inhibitory actions and wide-ranging immune responses. Proteomic isolation of GAPDH from dendritic cells infected with , or confirmed similar enzymatic, Rab5a inhibitory and immune stimulation abilities. We identified by bioinformatics and functional analyses GAPDH N-terminal 1-22 peptides from , and that shared 95% sequence homology, enzymatic activity, and B and T cell immune domains. Sera obtained from patients or mice infected with hypervirulent pathogenic , , or presented high levels of anti-GAPDH 1-22 antibodies and Th2 cytokines. Monocyte derived dendritic cells from healthy donors loaded with GAPDH 1-22 peptides from , or showed activation patterns that correspond to cross-immunity abilities. In summary, GAPDH 1-22 peptides appeared as putative candidates to include in multivalent dendritic based vaccine platforms for , or .