EFFICIENCY OF ANDIROBA, COPAIBA AND JATROPHA OILS TO IMPROVE THE RESISTANCE OF Pinus elliottii WOOD TO WOOD-DECAY FUNGI

ABSTRACT Non-renewable chemical products are still the most used for wood protection, however, they have negative aspects. Several problems associated with the extensive use of these substances have been reported, such as intoxication of animals and plants, and environmental contamination. This has led to a search for alternative methods of control that cause less impact on the environment. In this context, the use of natural products extracted from different plants can be an alternative to this industrial activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of andiroba, copaiba and jatropha oils, either pure or enriched with iodine (I2), to improve the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to wood-decay fungi causing brown, white and soft rot. The andiroba and copaiba oils came from the state of Pará and the jatropha oil came from Paraíba. Thus, we performed resistance tests to accelerated decay (brown and white rot fungi) and soft rot tests in the laboratory. We used pure natural oils and those enriched with sublimated iodine in assessing efficiency. In turn, we evaluated the effects of volatilization and leaching on the efficiency of solutions against decaying fungi. Pure andiroba and jatropha oils were the least efficient in controlling the Trametes versicolor fungus in the accelerated decay biological assay. Moreover, the wood treated with pure copaiba oil (normal situation) was classified as non-resistant for controlling Postia placenta fungus. In the soft rot test, we observed that there was a tendency to improve the wood resistance (normal situation) with an increase in the iodine concentration (I2). RESUMO Os produtos químicos não renováveis ainda são os mais utilizados para proteção da madeira, porém possuem aspectos negativos. Diversos problemas associados ao uso extensivo dessas substâncias são relatados, como a intoxicação de animais e plantas e contaminação ambiental. Isto tem levado à procura por métodos alternativos de controle que ocasionem menor impacto ao ambiente. Neste contexto, o uso de produtos naturais extraídos de diferentes plantas pode ser alternativa a esta atividade industrial. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos óleos de andiroba, copaíba e pinhão manso, puros ou enriquecidos com iodo (I2) para melhorar a resistência biológica da madeira de Pinus elliottii a fungos apodrecedores, causadores das podridões parda, branca e mole. Os óleos de andiroba e copaíba foram oriundos do estado do P