Congenital Acinar Dysplasia: Report of a Case and Review of Literature

Abstract Objective Describe a case of congenital acinar dysplasia and review the literature. Study Design Retrospective chart review and literature search. Results Congenital acinar dysplasia is a rare malformation of growth arrest of the lower respiratory tract resulting in critical respiratory insufficiency at birth. It is a form of pulmonary hypoplasia that is characterized by diffuse maldevelopment and derangement of the acinar and alveolar architecture of the lungs, resulting in the complete absence of gas exchanging units. The growth-arrested lung tissue resembles the pseudoglandular phase of 16 weeks' gestation. The etiology is unknown. It is diagnosed by exclusion of all other causes of pulmonary hypoplasia and a summation of clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Conclusion There is no cure and clinical treatment is supportive until death of the infant. We present a case of congenital acinar dysplasia in a male infant who lived 20 days with intensive support.