Detection of Chromosomal Segments Introgressed from Wild Species of Carrot into Cultivars: Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Morphological Features in Backcross Inbred Lines

Cultivated carrot is thought to have been domesticated from a wild species, and various phenotypes developed through human domestication and selection over the past several centuries. Little is known about the genomic contribution of wild species to the phenotypes of present-day cultivars, although several studies have focused on identifying genetic loci that contribute to the morphology of storage roots. A backcross inbred line (BIL) population derived from a cross between the wild species ssp. "Songzi" and the orange cultivar "Amsterdam forcing" was developed. The morphological features in the BIL population became more diverse after several generations of selfing BC F plants. Only few lines retained features of wild parent. Genomic resequencing of the two parental lines and the BILs resulted in 3,223,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 13,445 bin markers were generated using a sliding window approach. We constructed a genetic map with 2027 bins containing 154,776 SNPs; the total genetic distance was 1436.43 cM and the average interval between the bins was 0.71 cm. Five stable QTLs related to root length, root shoulder width, dry material content of root, and ratio of root shoulder width to root middle width were consistently detected on chromosome 2 in both years and explained 23.4-66.9% of the phenotypic variance. The effects of introgressed genomic segments from the wild species on the storage root are reported and will enable the identification of functional genes that control root morphological traits in carrot.