Detailed S-wave velocity structure of sediment and crust off Sanriku, Japan by a new analysis method for distributed acoustic sensing data using a seafloor cable and seismic interferometry

The S-wave velocity ( V s) structure of sediments and the uppermost crust in the landward slope of a subduction zone are important for determining the dynamics of the overriding plate. Although distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) measurements have improved the horizontal resolution of V s structure in marine areas, the estimations have been limited to the uppermost sedimentary layers. In the present study, we applied seismic interferometry to DAS data of 13 h duration to image the sedimentary and crustal structure offshore of Sanriku, Japan with a spatial horizontal resolution of 2.5 km and > 3.0 km depth. We grouped the DAS data into 10 km long subarrays with 75% overlaps. We first applied a frequency-wavenumber filter to the DAS data to remove DAS instrumental noise and to allow effective extraction of surface waves from short-time records. We then applied a seismic interferometry method and estimated the phase velocities at each subarray. The estimated phase velocities of the fundamental-mode and first higher-mode Rayleigh waves were then used to determine one-dimensional V s structures for each subarray. The resultant 2-D V s structure was interpreted as representing sediments and crust. The upper sedimentary layers thicken seaward, while the entire sedimentary unit shows complex lateral variations in depth. The boundary between the sedimentary layers and the uppermost crust varies in depth from 1.8 to 6.8 km and is the deepest in the middle of the profile. Combining this result with the P-wave velocity ( V p) structure along the nearest survey line, determined in previous studies, allowed us to estimate V p/ V s = 3.12, on average, for the lower sedimentary layers. Our method of applying seismic interferometry to marine DAS data broadens the techniques for estimating V s and V p/ V s structure of sedimentary layers and the upper crust across subduction zones. These results show that application of the frequency-wavenumber filtering and seismic interferometry to marine DAS data can estimate the V s structure and the V p/ V s structure, together with standard marine geophysical surveys of sedimentary layers and the upper crust across subduction zones. Graphical Abstract