Ectopic bronchogenic cyst in the retroperitoneal region: a case report and literature review of adult patients

Background Bronchogenic cyst is congenital aberration of bronchopulmonary malformation, which is rarely encountered in the abdomen and retroperitoneum. We present a case report and literature review of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst. Case presentation A 53-year-old female presented to outpatient clinic for a routine checkup of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. She received a contrast computed tomography scan of the abdomen which revealed a retroperitoneal cystic lesion below the left crura of diaphragm. Afterward, the patient underwent a laparoscopic excision of the cystic lesion and was discharged uneventfully at postoperative day 4. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst. Our literature review identified 55 adult cases in recent two decades. The average age at diagnosis was 43.2 (range 17-69) years. 44 (80%) cases had a retroperitoneal cyst on the left side, and 52 (94.5%) cases underwent curative excision through open or laparoscopic surgery. In the available follow up of cases, there was no recurrence after surgery. Conclusions Bronchogenic cyst is rare in the retroperitoneal region. It should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of a retroperitoneal neoplasm. Keywords: Retroperitoneal neoplasm, Bronchogenic cyst, Case report, Literature review, Surgical management