Input of stakeholders on reducing depressive symptoms and improving diabetes outcomes in India: Formative work for the INtegrated DEPrEssioN and Diabetes TreatmENT study

Context: Depression and diabetes are highly comorbid, adversely affecting treatment adherence, and resulting in poor outcomes. To improve treatment and outcomes for people dually affected by diabetes and depression in India, we aimed to develop and test an integrated care model. Aims: In the formative phase of this INtegrated DEPrEssioN and Diabetes TreatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study, we sought stakeholder perspectives to inform culturally-sensitive adaptations of the intervention. Settings and Design: At our Delhi, Chennai, and Visakhapatnam sites, we conducted focus groups for patients with diabetes and depression and interviewed health-care workers, family members, and patients. Subjects and Methods: Key informants were asked about experiences with diabetes and depression and for feedback on intervention materials. Analysis: Qualitative data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results: Three major themes emerged that have bearing on adaptation of the proposed intervention: importance of family assistance, concerns regarding patient/family understanding of diabetes, and feedback regarding the proposed intervention (e.g., adequate time needed for implementation; training program, and intervention should address stigma). Conclusions: Based on our findings, the following components would add value when incorporated into the intervention: (1) engaging families in the treatment process, (2) clear/simple written information, (3) clear nonjargon verbal explanations, and (4) coaching to help patients cope with stigma.