The Role of Neuroglia in Administrating Nerve Blockers and Anesthesia to Patients

Dysfunction of the neuroglia can have profound consequences on the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Studies have shown that the disruption of astrocytic–endothelial interaction can compromise the permeability of BBB and its effectiveness in selectively regulating the exchange of substances. Microglia have recently been recognized to have a significant role in the initiation of chronic pain and in its interactions with various nerve blockers and anesthetic agents. Microglia have a role in pain resolution via a pathway that involves Cannabinoid receptor type 2 activation and MAP kinase phosphorylation. Understanding the role of these cells in the context of neuropathic pain and neurological disorders can aid in improving clinical outcomes and the challenging nature of managing pain. Advancing studies have proposed pharmacological and genetic modulation of microglia as a potential treatment option for patients with chronic pain.