Challenges in the treatment of BRAF K601E-mutated lung carcinoma: a case report of rapid response and resistance to dabrafenib and trametinib

We report a case of limited effectiveness of dabrafenib and trametinib in a 59-year-old man with poorly differentiated lung carcinoma and a rare K601E mutation. The patient, unresponsive to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, received these targeted agents as second-line treatment. Despite a notable initial response, tumor regression lasted only 52 days. A subsequent liquid biopsy revealed additional alterations ( amplification, amplification, S241F), indicating a complex resistance mechanism. This case underscores the challenges in treating K601E-mutant lung carcinoma, emphasizing the need for advanced molecular diagnostics, personalized approaches, and further research into more effective therapies for unique genetic profiles.