Designing and Tailoring Optical Properties: Theory and Simulation of Photonic Band Gaps in Photonic Materials

Theoretical calculations and numerical simulations play a crucial role in analyzing material properties and devising effective research strategies. In this study, the photonic band gap (PBG) of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) photonic crystals was successfully predicted using theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. The agreement between the predicted results and the actual reflection peaks reached an impressive level of 99%. Utilizing SEM images, the prediction of reflection peaks in acrylamide (AM)—based photonic hydrogels was conducted using theoretical formulas and Rsoft 2019–Bandsolve software v2019.09. The relationship between the actual reflection peaks and compressive strains in AM-based photonic hydrogels featuring 251 nm PMMA PCs exhibited a remarkable similarity of over 96% with the theoretical and simulated results. In conclusion, an exploration was conducted into the relationship between reflection peaks and compressive strains for AM-based 270 nm PMMA photonic hydrogels, allowing the prediction of the actual reflection peaks under compression. The consistency observed between theoretical/simulated reflection peaks and actual reflection peaks validates the efficacy of this approach in evaluating the optical properties of photonic materials and predicting their responsive effects. This method offers a straightforward and expeditious solution for the design and fabrication of photonic materials.