Spontaneous Regression of Swollen Submandibular Glands in IgG4-Related Disease

Background IgG4-related disease is a new clinical entity frequently associated with swelling of the submandibular glands (SMGs). The long-term outcome of SMG swelling without steroid therapy remains unknown. Objective To examine whether swollen SMGs spontaneously regress without steroid therapy in the context of IgG4-related disease and to identify biomarkers that can predict the spontaneous regression of SMG swelling. Methods The SMG volume of 49 patients diagnosed with IgG4-related disease was calculated by measuring the axial and coronal planes of computed tomography scans. The change in SMG volume over time was measured and examined by treatment regimen, clinical data, and serum complement level. Results We found 28 of 49 (57%) IgG4-related disease patients to have swollen SMGs, with 15 of 20 (75%) of the swollen SMGs regressing without steroid therapy. The time required for the SMGs swelling to regress was significantly shorter in the steroid therapy group than in the no-steroid therapy group. Serum complement components at the initial visit were significantly lower in the regressed SMG group than in the nonregressed SMG group. Conclusion We observed 75% of swollen SMGs spontaneously regressed in patients with IgG4-related disease. The time required for the swollen SMGs to regress was longer in patients without steroid therapy than in those with steroid therapy. Serum complement level could be used as a predictor for the spontaneous regression of swollen SMGs in patients with IgG4-related disease.