Robust prediction performance of inner quality attributes in intact cocoa beans using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Fast and simultaneous determination of inner quality parameters, such as fat and moisture contents, need to be predicted in cocoa products processing. This study aimed to employ the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in predicting the quality mentioned above parameters in intact cocoa beans. Near-infrared spectral data, in a wavelength ranging from 1000 to 2500 nm, were acquired for a total of 110 bulk cocoa bean samples. Actual fat and moisture contents were measured with standard laboratory procedures using the Soxhlet and Gravimetry methods, respectively. Two regression approaches, namely principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR), were used to develop the prediction models. Furthermore, four different spectra correction methods, namely multiple scatter correction (MSC), de-trending (DT), standard normal variate (SNV), and orthogonal signal correction (OSC), were employed to enhance prediction accuracy and robustness. The results showed that PLSR was better than PCR for both quality parameters prediction. Spectra corrections improved prediction accuracy and robustness, while OSC was the best correction method for fat and moisture content prediction. The maximum correlation of determination (R2) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) index for fat content were 0.86 and 3.16, while for moisture content prediction, the R2 coefficient and RPD index were 0.92 and 3.43, respectively. Therefore, NIRS combined with proper spectra correction method can be used to rapidly and simultaneously predict inner quality parameters of intact cocoa beans. NIRS; Cocoa; Prediction; Fat; Moisture