Primary acetylated polysaccharides from jujube regulated the immune response and intestinal microbiota in immunosuppressive mice

[Display omitted] •Ac-JP ameliorated blood routine in immunosuppressed mice.•Ac-JP could promote production of immune-related cytokines in serum in mice.•Ac-JP remarkably increased the beneficial gut microbiota of immunosuppressed mice.•Ac-JP remarkably reduced the harmful gut microbiota of immunosuppressed mice. This study aims to investigate the immune response and intestinal microbiota in immunosuppressed mice treated with acetylated jujube polysaccharide (Ac-JP), which exhibited superior water solubility compared to the original jujube polysaccharide (JP). Our study demonstrates that Ac-JP can enhance thymus and spleen indices, increase white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets (PLT) levels in serum, as well as promote the production of immune-related cytokines (including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin A (Ig-A), immunoglobulin G (Ig-G), and immunoglobulin M (Ig-M)) in the serum of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice. Notably, the administration of Ac-JP significantly increased the relative abundances of Alloprevotella and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, as well as the concentration of acetic acid in the intestinal contents. Meanwhile, it led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio. These findings indicate the potential of Ac-JP as a promising immunomodulator.