Improving precision and robustness in level control of coupled tank systems: A tree seed optimization and μ-analysis approach

Efficient control of liquid levels in interconnected tank systems is a fundamental challenge in various industries, including chemical processes, wastewater treatment, and manufacturing. The traditional approach to achieving precise control has relied on Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers, whose performance largely depends on tuned parameters. However, tuning PID controllers for complex and nonlinear systems like coupled tanks remains a challenging task. In recent years, nature-inspired optimization algorithms have gained prominence in control system design. The tree seed optimization (TSO), inspired by the dispersion of tree seeds in search of optimal growth conditions, has shown promise in solving complex optimization problems. This study seeks to explore the application of TSO in tuning PID controllers for coupled tank systems. This research employs the TSO to optimize PID controller parameters for enhanced liquid-level control in coupled tank systems. The optimization process involves integrating performance metrics and closed-loop gain constraints to achieve optimal control of coupled tank systems. The imposed constraints aim to ensure robustness and system stability in the face of uncertainties and disturbances. Besides, μ analysis quantifies the robustness of the system by assessing its ability to tolerate uncertainties. Simulation studies conducted in this research verify the efficacy of the proposed TSO-based approach for tuning PID controllers in coupled tank systems. Compared with various methods, the TSO consistently yields better control performance, reduces settling time, and minimizes overshoot. The robustness of the optimized controllers is also evaluated, showing the ability to handle varying operating conditions effectively. [Display omitted] •This work exploits the application of TSO to optimize the PID controller wherein decouplers are designed to reduce interactions.•The paper emphasizes the significance of loop gain and various performance criteria like IAE, ISE, and ITAE in achieving design specifications.•The μ synthesis is used for evaluating the stability and robustness of the control system ensuring that the proposed method addresses not only performance but also the robustness requirements.•The proposed technique is validated through simulation studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in meeting the design specifications and ensuring robust stability in control systems.