Staphylococcus aureus Arsenal To Conquer the Lower Respiratory Tract

is both a commensal and a pathogenic bacterium for humans. Its ability to induce severe infections is based on a wide range of virulence factors. community-acquired pneumonia (SA-CAP) is rare and severe, and the contribution of certain virulence factors in this disease has been recognized over the past 2 decades. First, the factors involved in metabolism adaptation are crucial for survival in the lower respiratory tract, and toxins and enzymes are required for it to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier. subsequently faces host defense mechanisms, including the epithelial barrier, but most importantly the immune system. Here, again, uses myriad virulence factors to successfully escape from the host's defenses and takes advantage of them. The impact of virulence, combined with the collateral damage caused by an overwhelming immune response, leads to severe tissue damage and adverse clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize step by step all of the factors implicated in CAP and described to date, and we provide an outlook for future research.