Randomized controlled study comparing simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy versus simultaneous integrated boost intensity modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer

Comparison of two fractionation schedules of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for locally advanced head and neck cancer – simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-IMRT) and simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy (SMART) boost in terms of toxicity and survival end-point measures. Sixty patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer were randomized in two treatment arms (SIB-IMRT [control arm] and SMART boost arm [study arm]). In the control arm, patients received 70, 63 and 56 Gy in 35 fractions to clinical target volumes (CTV) 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the study arm, patients received 60 and 50 Gy to CTV 1 and CTV 3, respectively. Toxicities, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between both arms. Baseline patient-related characteristics were comparable between the arms except for primary site of tumour. No significant differences were noted in acute toxicities between the arms except for fatigue which was statistically higher for control arm. No significant differences in 2-year late toxicities were observed. The median follow-up duration was 25.5 (range, 1.8–39.9) months. The 2-year PFS was 53.3% and 80.0% (p = 0.028) for control and study arm, respectively. The 2-year OS was 60.0% and 86.7% (p = 0.020) in control and study arms, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed clinical stage and site to be significant predictors for OS and PFS, respectively. The SMART boost technique can be a feasible alternative fractionation schedule that reduces the overall treatment time, maintaining comparable toxicity and survival compared with SIB-IMRT.